Tag evolution
Buggin’
One of my clients is an artist and she has been working on a series of bronze plaques that have engravings of various insects on them. On one of my recent visits to her, she showed me a book she had been looking at by an artist named Cornelia Hesse-Honegger, who has made hundreds of drawings of insects mutated by radiation in places like Chernobyl and other sites in Europe that were affected by that disaster. Earlier this week, coincidentally enough, Wired had a post about Hesse-Honegger that features a great slideshow of some of her excellent drawings. You can read more about her work here.
Last year, there were lots of reports about the huge losses of bee populations in the U.S. due to what is called “colony collapse disorder”. Sadly, things are only getting worse for bee keepers, as the latest survey shows that a full one-third of all managed bee colonies in the United States died over the winter, but only about 5% due to colony collapse disorder. Most of the die-off is being attributed to weather-related starvation and harsh conditions. You know, that “giant conspiracy of government and industry” called global climate change.
Last week, the NY Times had a story about the rise of Roundup-resistant weeds on farms that used Monsanto’s Roundup-resistant GM soybeans, and now there is this story from the Manchester (UK) Guardian about the emergence of huge insect infestations in China, where farmers have been using Monsanto’s GM varieties of cotton. On one hand, this ought to shut up all the people who continue to insist that evolution is “just a theory”, but on the other hand didn’t everybody SAY this was what would happen with GM crops about, oh, a BAJILLION TIMES?!?!
You ARE The Disease
Frankly, I find this a little disturbing: Eight percent of the human genome comes from the insertion of genetic material from a virus. A kind of RNA virus called a bornavirus has the ability to replicate in the nuclei of cells, causing its DNA to be incorporated into the DNA of the cells of the host organism, and thus passed along from generation to generation, eventually evolving into part of the “normal” genome. The researchers who have been studying this think that the resulting genetic mutations might be at the core of psychiatric disorders like schizophrenia and Republicanism.
Brains The Size Of A Nano-Tube
Science Daily reports that a new survey by a group at University of Wisconsin found that 70% of Americans consider nanotechnology research to be “morally objectionable”. And it’s not because they’re too stupid to know the difference between nanotech and biotechnology research such as stem-cell work or cloning:
The moral qualms people of faith express about nanotechnology is not a question of ignorance of the technology, says Scheufele, explaining that survey respondents are well-informed about nanotechnology and its potential benefits.
“They still oppose it,” he says. “They are rejecting it based on religious beliefs. The issue isn’t about informing these people. They are informed.”
Time to go smack my head against the wall for a while.
There are valid reasons to have qualms about nanotechnology. Many safety concerns remain unaddressed, and quite a bit is still not known about how the small scale of the chemical changes being made actually impacts the properties and behaviors of materials (although I did read recently that a new study shows that nanotubes are not toxic to mice). But being opposed to this sort of research because your giant invisible grandpa wouldn’t like it is just plain stupid.
Our national tradition of anti-intellectualism is starting to get in the way of keeping things running. Last week in Salon, Laura Miller wrote about Susan Jacoby’s new book “The Age Of American Unreason” and Jacoby’s claim that fundamentalist religion in the United States is directly responsible for what Jacoby calls “junk thought”, epitomized by the “intelligent design” debate. Erich Vieth, posting at Dangerous Intersection, also writes about Jacoby, pointing out some factoids which should sound familiar to people reading here: 50% of Americans do not believe in evolution, 50% of Americans believe in ghosts, 15% of Americans do not know that the Earth revolves around the sun.
Stupidity and religious faith walk hand in hand. We’ve got a Presidential candidate who will pray to end the budget deficit, schools that pray for good grades for their kids, people who believe in miracles, and a President who says God tells him to start wars. I’ve had people ask me why I can’t just “live and let live” with regard to fundamentalists, and all I have to say is that it’s because these people imperil us all with their appalling combination of stupidity and willful ignorance. I can’t write this sort of stuff off with a blithe “oh, ha ha, silly fundies” anymore because they are contributing directly to the rapid demise of not just social and political institutions but of enlightened civilization itself. And they don’t care, because, in their world-view, they’re all going to fucking Disneyland when the Apocalypse comes.
You can’t make people who are willfully and deliberately opposed to knowledge and reason turn around and accept those things by sheer force of will. I’ve mentioned Nietsche’s words before: “Faith means not wanting to know what is true.” And consequently nothing will stop them, not even acceptance. Maybe through resistance it might be possible to get the fence-sitters and the “live and let live” types to see the danger these people pose and convince them to take up the cause.
The Evolutionary War

There are a number of species of animals which have evolved to use parasitic methods to rear their young. You’re probably the most familiar with the cuckoo, which notoriously lays its eggs in the nests of other birds so that their chicks will overpower the mother bird’s own chicks and get the benefit of the mother bird’s feeding. There are also several varieties of wasp, including the aptly-named cuckoo wasp, which use similar methods.
This article at Nature News (the public website of the scientific journal Nature) tells us that a species of butterfly called the Alcon Blue also uses brood parasitism: its larvae (caterpillars) work their way into the nests of wood ants and through the use of a chemical they excrete mimic the smell of the ants’ own larvae. The ants are thus tricked into thinking the caterpillars are their own offspring and feed and care for them until they pupate. But what’s unique about this symbiotic relationship is that the ants keep evolving new chemical scents that let them distinguish between the ant and butterfly larvae. And, in response, the butterflies counter-evolve to keep up with the changes, resulting in a sort of escalating evolution. Evolutionary biologists call this co-evolution the “Red Queen Theory”.
Unless, of course, you’re a creationist like Mike Huckabee, and believe that there is no evidence for evolution.
You Can Learn A Lot From Monkeys
For example: Harvard primatologist Richard Wrangham
has developed a theory that postulates that learning to cook was the evolutionary key that gave early hominids the nutritional boost they needed to develop larger brains . Wrangham, a student of Jane Gooddall, spent 20 years studying West African chimps and became intimately familiar with the daily diet of chimpanzees — primarily raw tubers — which he realized would be totally unsuited for the diet of any hominid. Hominids had (and have) much weaker jaws and teeth than their primate cousins and would not have been able to eat enough of the food chimps eat to sustain significant brain development. This eventually led him to wonder about the diet of primitive humans and thus to the question about cooking.
(Yes, I know chimps are not monkeys…stop being a party-pooper)
Meanwhile, a group of German researchers studying Barbary Macaques has learned that the reason female macaques scream during sex is that the males need the auditory cue in order to ejaculate. I will leave you to consider the evolutionary consequences on your own (nudge-nudge, wink-wink).







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